Asperger Syndrome 3 Free Essays

Asperger condition is a mental imbalance range issue and is viewed as an advanced type of Autism. Chemical imbalance range issue are otherwise called unavoidable formative issue and can influence social aptitudes and correspondence. Asperger condition can likewise postpone the advancement of engine aptitudes and cause tactile issues. We will compose a custom exposition test on Asperger Syndrome 3 or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now While there is no remedy for Asperger condition, there are medicines to help instruct the aptitudes influenced by Asperger to patients to assist them with adapting to the confusion. Research is at present being led to discover the reasons for Asperger disorder and other powerful treatment strategies. The side effects of Asperger disorder are brought about by delays in a few territories of advancement, for example, social aptitudes, relational abilities, engine abilities, and language abilities. Patients with Asperger condition can become over-concentrated on a solitary subject or object and will need to have a deep understanding of the point and will talk almost no about whatever else. Their territories of intrigue might be very tight and they will frequently run through realities about their subject of enthusiasm with no end or association with discussion (Asperger Syndrome-PubMed Health). Asperger patients additionally display social cumbersomeness and experience difficulty framing connections. Eye to eye connection, utilization of outward appearances, and non-verbal communication are hindered in patients and can restrain guideline of social collaboration. Patients may likewise need enthusiastic compassion and the capacity to perceive meaningful gestures (OASIS @ MAAP †What Is Asperger Syndrome? . Discourse may have an absence of musicality, odd articulation, or a monotone contribute patients with Asperger condition. They may likewise do not have the control to coordinate the volume of their voice to their environmental factors (Asperger Syndrome Fact Sheet). Asperger condition patients may show delays in engine advancement and display surprising physical pr actices, for example, tedious arm fluttering, bending, or other entire body developments (Asperger Syndrome †PubMed Health). Asperger disorder is extremely hard to analyze. Individuals with Asperger condition frequently work very well in regular day to day existence, so the signs and side effects displayed are frequently simply perceived as â€Å"quirks† or a method of simply being extraordinary. On the off chance that a youngster displays any side effects of Asperger disorder, it is critical to look for the assistance of a specialist and they will allude you to a psychological wellness proficient or an authority for additional assessment. A â€Å"psychological exam† will be performed to gather a past filled with when the side effects first apeared, the advancement of engine aptitudes and language designs, and different parts of conduct and ersonality. The previous an assessment is led, the sooner medicines can be begun to improve a child’s advancement with Asperger condition (Asperger Syndrome). Asperger condition has no fix, yet with medicines and prescriptions, numerous kids with Asperger disorder develop into very much created, beneficial grown-ups. Most of analyzed kids profit by particular medicines that attention on social abilities preparing and conduct the executives. A portion of these medicines incorporate correspondence and social aptitudes preparing and subjective conduct treatment. There are no drugs that explicitly treat Asperger condition, yet there are a few meds that can help improve side effects, for example, tension, sadness, and hyperactivity including Aripiprazole, Guanfacine, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, Risperidone, Olanzapine, and Naltrexone (Staff, Mayo Clinic). Parent preparing is additionally useful in proceeding with treatment at home and shows guardians procedures to be utilized at home to better their child’s improvement (Asperger Syndrome †PubMed Health). Research is as of now being led to comprehend the reasons for Asperger condition and to discover increasingly powerful medicines. An investigation is presently being led utilizing practical attractive reverberation imaging to show how anomalies specifically territories of the mind can cause the indications of Asperger condition and chemical imbalance range issue. There is likewise a huge scope study looking at neuropsychological and mental evaluations of kids with potential conclusions of Asperger condition and advanced chemical imbalance to those of their folks and kin to attempt to recognize any examples of side effects that interface Asperger disorder and advanced chemical imbalance to a particular neuropsychological profiles. A since a long time ago rang global investigation led by an assortment of researchers from colleges, scholarly focuses, and foundations from around the globe to gather and break down DNA test from kids with Asperger disorder and high-work chemical imbalance, alongside their families, to distinguish related qualities and how they communicate. This examination is also called the Autism Genome Project and capacities as a store for hereditary information with the goal that scientists can attempt to locate the hereditary â€Å"building blocks† of Asperger condition a chemical imbalance range issue (Asperger Syndrome Fact Sheet). Asperger condition is an advanced type of chemical imbalance and is viewed as a mental imbalance range issue. It defers the improvement of numerous regions, for example, correspondence and social abilities. Despite the fact that there is no remedy for Asperger condition, with the correct medicines and drugs, most youngsters with a conclusion of Asperger disorder and their families figure out how to adapt to the side effects of this issue. Numerous grown-ups with Asperger disorder can create to be upbeat, well-working, and beneficial grown-ups with effective standard occupations and lead satisfying free lives with the correct sort of treatment plans and bolster accessible to them. Works Cited â€Å"Asperger Syndrome †PubMed Health. † Web. 16 Oct. 2011. . â€Å"Asperger Syndrome Fact Sheet. † National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Web. 16 Oct. 2011. . â€Å"Asperger Syndrome. † KidsHealth †the Web’s Most Visited Site about Children’s Health. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. . â€Å"OASIS @ MAAP †What Is Asperger Syndrome? † OASIS @ MAAP †The Online Asperger Syndrome Information and Support Center. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. . Staff, Mayo Clinic. â€Å"Asperger’s Syndrome †MayoClinic. com. † Mayo Clinic. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. . Step by step instructions to refer to Asperger Syndrome 3, Papers

Clifford Olson: Canadian Serial Killer Essay -- Biography Biographies

Clifford Olson: Canadian Serial Killer Clifford Olson is one of Canada's notable sequential executioners. He gave no indication of compassion toward the open all for a mind-blowing duration and would in the long run wind up executing numerous blameless individuals and spending a decent part of his life in prison. Clifford Olson was conceived on January first 1940, in Vancouver, British Columbia. While he was growing up he was consistently in a tough situation. Indeed, even as a youngster in school her was alluded to as a domineering jerk and not a pleasant child. At that point as he grew up things didn't improve the just deteriorated. As a youngster and youthful grown-up Olson ended up in a tough situation with the law as often as possible. From the time of 1951 to 1981 ( ages 17-21) he had 94 captures. He was placed in prison for some of them and spent time in jail for cries extending from misrepresentation to furnished theft. While in jail Olson was known for two things. One was for being a gay attacker and the second was for being a nark, and assisting the police. Olson helped the police by getting his companion named Garry Marcoux (additionally in prison), to give a nitty gritty portrayal and admission to assaulting and mangling a multi year old young lady. Some way or another Olson had the option to get Marcoux to record his admission. Olson them offered this to police and it was utilized to convict Marcoux of that wrongdoing. Once Olson had served his time and was discharged he went to live with the mother of is child. One would have believed that he had taken in his exercise and would attempt to turn his life around. Anyway sadly that was not the situation. In November of 1980 A little youngster, 12 years of age, named Christine Weller disappeared. She would later end up being one of Olson's first homicide casualties. Christine was snatched from her home in Surrey, BC. Her damaged body ... ...ack of his van, police found a location book containing the name of Judy Kozma. Alongside this and other proof the police had the option to accuse Clifford Olson of the homicide of Judy Kozma 6 days after the fact. Olson realized that he would have been returned in prison and was associated on some with different killings that he had submitted.. So Olson made an arrangement with the arraignment. In his arrangement Olson' s family, (spouse and child) were to be paid $10,000 for every one of his casualties. This was questionable. In return Olson would give the data on the known killings and provided the police guidance to 6 extraordinary bodies. Olson kept his piece of the arrangement thus did the indictment. The cash was paid to Olson's family on time. On January eleventh 1982, Clifford Olson conceded to 11 checks of homicide. For this he was condemned to 11 simultaneous life terms in jail.

Sociology of Religion

Humanism of Religion Not all religions share a similar allowance of faith based expectations, yet in some structure, religion is found in completely known human social orders. Indeed, even the most punctual social orders on record show away from of strict images and functions. From the beginning of time, religion has kept on being a focal piece of social orders and human experience, forming how people respond to the situations wherein they live. Since religion is such a significant piece of social orders far and wide, sociologists are keen on contemplating it. Sociologists study religion as both a conviction framework and a social establishment. As a conviction framework, religion shapes what individuals think and how they see the world. As a social foundation, religion is an example of social activity composed around the convictions and practices that individuals create to address inquiries concerning the importance of presence. As an establishment, religion perseveres after some time and has a hierarchical structure into which individuals are mingled. Its Not About What You Believe In examining religion from a sociological point of view, it isn't significant what one accepts about religion. What is significant is the capacity to look at religion unbiasedly in its social and social setting. Sociologists are keen on a few inquiries regarding religion: How are strict convictions and elements identified with other social components like race, age, sexual orientation, and education?How are strict organizations organized?How does religion influence social change?What impact does religion have on other social foundations, for example, political or instructive establishments? Sociologists additionally study the strictness of people, gatherings, and social orders. Strictness is the force and consistency of training of a person’s (or group’s) confidence. Sociologists measure strictness by getting some information about their strict convictions, their enrollment in strict associations, and participation at strict administrations. Present day scholastic human science started with the investigation of religion in Emile Durkheim’s 1897 The Study of Suicide wherein he investigated the varying self destruction rates among Protestants and Catholics. Following Durkheim, Karl Marx and Max Weber additionally took a gander at religion’s job and impact in other social foundations, for example, financial aspects and legislative issues. Sociological Theories of Religion Each major sociological system has its point of view on religion. For example, from the functionalist point of view of sociological hypothesis, religion is an integrative power in the public eye since it has the ability to shape aggregate convictions. It gives attachment in the social request by advancing a feeling of having a place and aggregate cognizance. This view was bolstered by Emile Durkheim. The second perspective, bolstered by Max Weber, sees religion as far as how it underpins other social establishments. Weber felt that the strict conviction frameworks gave a social structure that bolstered the advancement of other social organizations, for example, the economy. While Durkheim and Weber focused on how religion adds to the attachment of society, Karl Marx concentrated on the contention and persecution that religion gave to social orders. Marx considered religion to be an instrument for class abuse in which it advances separation since it underpins a progressive system of individuals on Earth and the subjection of mankind to divine position. In conclusion, emblematic communication hypothesis centers around the procedure by which individuals become strict. Diverse strict convictions and practices rise in various social and chronicled settings since setting outlines the importance of strict conviction. Representative communication hypothesis clarifies how a similar religion can be deciphered distinctively by various gatherings or at various occasions since the beginning. From this point of view, strict writings are not facts but rather have been deciphered by individuals. In this way various individuals or gatherings may decipher a similar Bible in various manners. References Giddens, A. (1991). Prologue to Sociology. New York: W.W. Norton Company.Anderson, M.L. furthermore, Taylor, H.F. (2009). Human science: The Essentials. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.

The integration of global economies Essay Example for Free

The mix of worldwide economies Essay Globalization is a dubious issue. It has produced enormous fights far and wide, by individuals who feel that it benefits just the rich. However there are other people who guarantee that it offers genuine answers for worldwide destitution. There are contentions for the two sides. By and by, globalization can possibly do both great and damage. The World Bank characterizes it as „the developing joining of economies and societis around the worldâ€Å". It sounds straightforward yet procedures of globalization include changes to a wide range of parts of society: from correspondences, to travel, to financial aspects, to government. Globalization speaks to a specific financial hypothesis dependent on the conviction that a changed, free market is attractive. Supporters of a free market economy accept that this methodology advances sound rivalry. Nations can have practical experience in creating the merchandise they make most effectively and fare therese products to different nations without limitations. Just the individuals who produce merchandise effectively and at a serious cost will endure. Globalization impacts basically very part of life including religion, culture, diet and family life. One of the most striking effects of globalization is the expanding association of economies and societies, causing the world to appear to be littler. A choice made in Japan can utilize thousands in another nation, or render them jobless. An influenza infection in Asia can influence the travel industry and business around the world. Financial and innovative change are the significant powers driving globalization. Around the world, exchange is expanding as worldwide markets become all the more firmly connected through improved correspondence advancements like the web. These equivalent innovations are uniting removed networks, and making it simpler for partnerships to move their tasks to territories where expenses are low. Less expensive air travel in light of mechanical enhancements implies more individuals are going for business or delight, making laborers progressively versatile. The coordination of worldwide economies gives tremendous potential to all economies to venture into various pieces of the world to both sell and purchase new items and administrations. While it very well may be hard to enter new worldwide markets, globalization is giving poor nations some possibility of picking up the advantages of world exchange. On the off chance that poor nations could gain admittance to only one percent a greater amount of the estimation of world exchange, it would lift well more than 100 Million individuals out of the neediness through the financial development and occupations made. As global partnerships move creation to profit by less expensive work costs in less fortunate nations, they are making occupations for individuals who recently had scarcely any oppurtunities. Mechanical headways mean snappy and reasonable overall travel is presently accessible, especially to individuals from wealthier countries. This is assisting with boosting the travel industry in many creating nations. The web and other improved media transmission offices empower data to be sent from one corner of the planet to antoher seconds. This has united individuals from immeasurably various foundations and societies. Thoughts are shared, business is led globally and those influenced by a calamity can call for, and get, help quicker than any time in recent memory. One concern is the impacts of consistent weight from enormous enterprises to bring down costs and abbreviate creation times for products. Despite the fact that occupations are made, poor work norms and cost cutting procedures in creating nations mean wages can be low, conditions are frequently hazardous and laborers rights are damaged. Pundits of free-showcase financial matters note that enterprises in created nations didn't create in these open conditions. Rather, they were ensured locally (regularly with appropriations) and their business sectors were shut to outside rivalry until new ventures got built up. However poor nations are currently expected to perform and get by in new worldwide markets without first beginning from a built up base and without sufficient help or worry for nearby premiums. This makes it hard for creating countries to profit by the expanded exchange oppurtunities offered by globalization. Rich nations fundamentally produce made merchandise for the world market, which hold their worth and order great costs. Creating nations for the most part produce items crude materials like cotton, espresso, cocoa, metals and minerals economically and effectively, however don't have the present ability to deliver fabricated items. In contrast to fabricated items. In contrast to made products, items are incredibly powerless against wide value swings at whatever point there is a deficiency or oversupply. Nations which rely upon just a couple of indispensable wares for money may battle if the worldwide cost unexpectedly falls.

Kants Deontological Ethical Theory True Moral Enlightenment - Literature Essay Samples

Immanuel Kant’s deontological ethical theory, the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, can be viewed from many different perspectives. As it is based on duty operating as a final good, the theory of utilitarianism (a moral theory concerned with actions in themselves) disputes main concepts of Kant such as the moral law and the categorical imperative and how each relates to individuals’ moral and physical experiences. However, specific aspects of utilitarianism such as the consideration of circumstances can actually be argued as supporting evidence for the deontological view, showing that regardless of compelling counter-arguments, Kant’s theory should be considered the standard by which we base our moral decisions. Understanding Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals is a crucial first step in comprehending the reasons behind its superiority as an ethical theory. First, breaking down the philosophy utilized to create this theory into separate, individual aspects, may help to follow how they eventually fit together. Kant used three specific areas of philosophy in the formation of this theory: physics, ethics, and logic. Physics refers to the physical world, in this case the actions taking place. Ethics are associated with morals, what Kant presents as maxim, the thought process or motivation for a particular action. Logic refers to logical principles, or the rationale used before acting to determine whether our maxim is morally permissible. Kant arrived at the first major condition of his moral theory, the idea of Moral Law, through a combination of two of these philosophical aspects, physics and ethics. The moral law states that actions (physics) are only moral (ethics), if taken to achieve moral ends. This implies that interests of the neither individual, circumstances, nor consequences cannot be considered. This view considers our motivation, as the only aspect that matters in determining morality. In other words, intention of the individual is everything, regardless of the outcomes. An important concept in moral law is anti-consequentialism, meaning that the actual consequences of an action do not matter because they are out of a person’s direct control. Only the foreseen consequences need to be considered. Kant believes that good will is the only thing that is inherently good, and therefore good will has intrinsic worth. Because of this, Kant rejects the concept of moral luck, any circumstance in which luck has an influence on the outcome of a moral decision. For example, suppose a man shoots another man dead and is caught versus a man who attempts to shoot another man dead, but misses and is caught. Moral law suggests that punishing an attempted murderer less than the man who actually committed murder, as the legal system of society often does, makes no moral sense with consideration to the man’s mal-intent. Because moral law also refuses to recognize any personal gain in regards to the morality of an action, it tells you which hypothetical imper atives are permissible, and which are immoral, meaning that a hypothetical imperative is conditional. There is no singular hypothetical imperative. Therefore, moral law is categorical, not hypothetical. The categorical imperative of the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals introduces the third philosophical principle utilized in the creation of Kant’s deontological ethical theory: logic, or the reason behind determining the morality of our maxim. The categorical imperative states that we should act as if we would will our actions to become universal law. This is the opposite of the hypothetical imperative, which acts on instrumental rationality (determining the means by which an individual can achieve his or her own goal). The categorical imperative reduces morality to rationale that should be able to be applied in all circumstances to all individuals. For instance, imagine a scene in which you owe a large sum of money to a bookie due to gambling debt, and if you do not pay off this debt in a timely manner, your life has been threatened. However, you do not have the money to give to the bookie. You decide to borrow money from a wealthy friend whom you tell you will pay bac k what you borrow as soon as you are able to, but actually have no intent to repay. The maxim behind making a false promise is that it will get you out of serious trouble. This is the hypothetical imperative: your goal is to save your own life, and to achieve that goal you make a false promise. However, further examination might result in the formation of a categorical imperative, the reflection of how society would be affected if everyone were to act on this maxim. This example clearly shows the consideration of the formula of humanity as well, a critical aspect of the categorical imperative that states that we should always treat others as ends in themselves and not merely as means to our own purposes. When people violate the categorical imperative, they are applying a different standard to themselves than they would to everyone else. Essentially, they are making an exception of themselves, which may create contradictions. So in our bookie example, if making false promises was uni versalized, the institution of promising would be destroyed and in turn your plan would not work. Therefore, one should not will the universality of making false promises to get out of trouble. A moral theory that clashes with Kant’s is utilitarianism. In contrast, utilitarianism is concerned with the actions themselves rather than the maxims behind them. As Mill said, â€Å"Motive has nothing to do with the morality of the action, but much with the worth of the agent† (Utilitarianism, 491). In a general sense, utilitarianism says that regardless of motivation, actions are moral if they produce happiness and are not moral when they produce the opposite of happiness. In defense of this, Kant relies on the logical principle of the categorical imperative that reduces morality to pure rationality. He argues that reason is not conducive to this definition of moral actions because only deserved happiness is good. Happiness cannot be unconditionally good because inclination is not sufficient for morality as actions that promote happiness done for the wrong reason pull you away from duty, the true final good. Another aspect of utilitarianism that counters the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals is Bentham’s argument in favor of the consideration of circumstances in the determination of whether an action is or is not moral. He says that the measure of morality should be on an individual case-by-case basis because certain contextual factors may have an influence on the morality of the performed action. This explicitly goes against Kant’s moral law that interests, circumstances, and consequences cannot be considered. An obvious rebuttal to this alternate view would be that if circumstances are considered, a potential to convince ourselves to break rules without true justification exists. Whereas abiding by Kant’s moral law and maintaining indifference to circumstance by observing only intention will help us to preserve impartiality, a definitive aspect of utilitarianism. However, Kant needn’t even defend his deontological ethical theory against Bentham’ s contextually based argument because the different dimensions of utilitarianism, act versus rule, collapse this counter argument in upon itself with no effort on Kant’s part. Bentham, an act utilitarian, believes in the consideration of circumstance, in comparison to Mill, a rule utilitarian, whose views virtually align with and support Kant’s concept of the categorical imperative, the ability to will the maxim of an action becoming universal law. Mill’s view shares a structural similarity to Kant. Rule utilitarianism is essentially based on the idea that if everyone followed the rule, that is, if it were universal, it would maximize utility. Although somewhat different in end goal, with Kant’s basis for morality grounded in good will and Mill’s in the interests of every individual in harmony to the whole, which has already been dismissed on the premises of moral law, both posses the aim of application to all circumstances. Therefore rule utilitar ianism disbands act utilitarianism’s argument of contextual impact on the morality of actions. Despite other theories of morality, Kant’s deontological view prevails because it is based in rationality in a way others are not. It embodies three separate areas of philosophy: physics, ethics, and logic, provides a pure analysis of these concepts, and allows them to be applied to our experiences. Kant’s view also does not advocate the consideration of actions themselves, but rather our thought processes and motivations for those actions. Instead of focusing on one’s behavior and the utility it does or does not produce and adjusting accordingly, the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals promotes introspection within an individual. This allows for the modification of one’s behavior based on the concept of freedom of will and the desire for that will to be intrinsically good. Kant’s deontological theory should be considered the standard by which we base all moral decisions because it permits the evolution of moral capacity within one’s self that is necessary in order to develop true righteousness. Sources Cited Bentham, Jeremy. The Principle Of Utility. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. Mill, John S. Utilitarianism. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. Kant, Immanuel. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.

How to Write a Lab Report

Every student remembers the struggle he faces while studying in a college or university. The experience we gain during our academic life is very important and we all know that. But usually, in everyday reality we see that academics life can get boring. Try considering this: when sitting on the lecture we are getting frustrated and very tired by constantly working with a pen and making as much notes as we can (while teaches or professor provides us with useful and necessary information) or, attending the seminars, we diligently strain our brains, trying to focus and are looking for the right decision to make. Happens to the best of us, right? On the contrary, the laboratory work is much more fascinating activity, which combines the verification of knowledge on practice and gaining the best experience on the topic previously elaborated. The good part of laboratory work is called to show your strong sides by implementing the knowledge on practice- this will definitely impress your teacher or professor. Thats why students are less likely to skip such activity! If the student thinks that he can skip one or two classes of lab work, and he does not get any penalties for it, he is very mistaken. The truth is that the practical lesson he missed needs to be attended anyway (usually later and on individual basis), otherwise the final score will not be great, or it will not correspond to the desired one. While getting a higher education in college or university, laboratory studies become an obligatory part of the engineering and technical education process. The core of the lab work (despite the discipline and subject) is writing a lab report. A lab report is more than just something you get a good grade on. Its your opportunity to show that you understand what is going on in the experiment, which is really the most important part of doing it. In addition, we believe that its actually very good practice to know how to make a lab report in a manner that the reader can understand. How to write an abstract for a lab report There are three basic parts to a lab report: pre-lab, in-lab, and post-lab. Let’s start from the beginning. The first part is PRE-LAB REPORT. It consists of: I. Introduction The very first question which arises here is how to write an introduction for a lab report? It takes about 4-5 sentences. By answering on the question of what is an abstract in a lab report?, you will give the reader an idea of what you are going to do in a short paragraph. Background sentences: state why you want to do the experiment, why is it relevant, what other kinds of similar experiments have been done in the past. Goal: In one sentence, state what you are going to do in the experiment and what you hope to find. You should also list explicitly any main chemicals with which you are dealing and any techniques you will using. II. Procedural Flowchart This part of the pre-lab should take no more than one page. A good flowchart should give a reader an immediate idea of whats need to be done in the laboratory except in a less detailed format. It is a road map of the experiment. It gives a reader a representation of the experimental procedure. Keep in mind that the flowchart should be brief and cover all the steps in a simple and easy to follow manner. You will have to do a lot of rewriting in order to simplify the procedures into a flowchart format. The second part is IN-LAB RESPONSIBILITY. It includes the following: I. Data-taking Always record data directly into your lab notebook. You need to make sure you record all of the data immediately in case you forget what you wanted to say later. Also, if you make a mistake its a good idea to keep a record if it so you (or someone else trying to do your experiment) can remember to not make the same mistake twice. II. Observations In addition to writing down all those numbers (data), you should keep an eye (nose, ear, etc.) on what is actually happening in the experiment. If you add one thing to another and it evolves a gas, gets hot or cold, changes color or odor, precipitates a solid, reacts really quickly or slowly, or anything noticeable, you should write down that observation in your lab notebook. Other things to consider including are: make and type of any machine you are using, concentrations of all the standards you used, and etc. And finally, the third part is POST-LAB REPORT. It consist of: I. Gathering Data again Re-copy your data from the in-lab section here in a neat format. This is your chance to organize it into a more readable form now that you are done with the experiment and impress your supervisor with the organizational skills you have. II. Calculations Its a good idea to write out all the formulas you use in your calculations. One more point is to be sure to include the units when you are doing a calculation, and dont drop the units halfway through the calculation. This is actually a powerful tool because if your answer has the wrong units, you must have made an error somewhere along the way. Conversely, if your answer has the correct units, you could still be wrong, but at least you are on the right track (and there is still a chance that your answer is correct too!). Yet the last but not least part of lab repost is the conclusion. How to write a conclusion for a lab report The conclusion is a summary of what you did. The reason you have a conclusion is because your lab report might be long and the reader may not remember all the important points that you stated. Also, it gives you a chance to explain anything that might have gone wrong or could be improved, as well as propose future experiments. Writing a lab report is very challenging task. Apart from conducting the experiment, writing down the results there are a lot of things to be taken care of. If you have the results provided already, or if you have some parts of a lab report you need to format in the proper way, or have some doubts on title page for a lab report and yet don’t know how to do it- ask for professional services to advise you on it.

TOYOTA Business Information Management Free Essay Example, 2500 words

After the potential evolution of Toyota Motor s business, the company moved out of Japan. In this scenario, Toyota Motor initially began forming their progress into overseas marketplaces at the end of 1950's. Additionally, the primary Toyota Crown models reached in the nation of USA in the year 1957, as well as in 1965, through the cars similar to the Toyota Corolla, the business had progressively constructed together with a status for valuable client service and contentment and sales statistics to competitors as compared to home automakers. During the year 2004, the yearly Toyota Motors car sales in the United States exceed the 2 million figures, with 1.4 million automobiles as well as approximately 1.3 million innovative engines built inside the United States (Toyota1, 2011) and (Toyota2, 2011). The role of the new information technology-based systems is broad at the Toyota Business. In this scenario, the Toyota Business has established high-quality business management systems tho se are offering a great deal of enhanced support and management facilities for the effective corporate and operational management. In addition, Toyota Motors is making use of high tech technology-based systems at production technology-based inside the overall business management processes. We will write a custom essay sample on TOYOTA: Business Information Management or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

The Course Of English 102 With Professor Lyn Has...

The overall course of English 102 with Professor Lyn has impacted my writing and me as an individual. Not only did the course help me improve my writing, but it helped me think of the ideas and norms that we ascribe to in the world as more complex. This portfolio shows how some of the learning objectives of English 102 reflects my growth as a writer and thinker. The papers that are included in this portfolio demonstrate my mastery of the learning objectives of this course. There are first drafts to show where I began in my writing process and final drafts to demonstrate my understanding of what was wrong in my first submissions. My ability to edit and recognize errors in my paper shows my improvement of writing. The different types of writing and audiences the papers are intended for impacted my approach of writing these papers. One of the papers included in this portfolio is the essay on Perfect Peace. The type of writing for this essay was argumentative. The intended audience are those who read the book and could not understand the complexities that child abuse can cause to one psychologically. I demonstrate my mastery of the learning objectives of English 102 in this paper by thinking outside of the â€Å"box†. The â€Å"box† is the prison that society puts us into by encouraging that the patriarchal norms are correct and the only way to live. I thought outside of the prison by not thinking that Emma Jean is simply wrong for what she did and that she’s not justifiable. I

Pros And Cons Of Vaccination - 1843 Words

Vaccinations first surfaced during the turn of the 19th century. It is currently a law that all school aged children receive a specific list of vaccinations in order to attend a school system of any kind. While the requirements in America are general consistent from state to state, they do vary slightly across one another. Although it is required, there is a list of exemptions that would allow parents to send their children to school without receiving the required immunizations. An example of the exceptions are, medical reasons that would mean the child is not stable enough to receive these vaccinations, or a family that has specific religious beliefs and cannot vaccinate. Those children that are not protected rely on us with able children†¦show more content†¦In the state of Maine, it is required by law that children are vaccinated against diphtheria, varicella (chickenpox), measles, mumps, pertussis, poliomyelitis, rubella, and tetanus. There are a number of exemptions tha t allows parents to continue to enroll their children into schools without vaccinations (Division of Infectious Disease, 2016). The CDC (Center for Disease Control). Has created a very researched schedule for children directly after birth on the soonest children can receive vaccinations. They offer the ages as well as potential variations of the timing that vaccinations can be given. The CDC is open to the public with vaccinations as well as the ingredients and potential side effects possible after the vaccine is administered. They are also open to educating the public on how many diseases we vaccinate against and the side effects from the diseases if contracted. There are many routine vaccinations in America that are required by school systems. The first one is Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis or the DTaP vaccine, which is a series of five doses as well as a booster every 10 years (Sanford, 2016). Diphtheria has the potential for sore throat, mild fever, weakness, swollen glands in n eck swelling of the heart muscle. Pertussis, better known as whooping cough is a severe coughShow MoreRelatedVaccination Pros And Cons878 Words   |  4 Pagesmakes vaccination controversial; is it the risk of the drug’s side effect? The ingredients used to create the drug? Do the Pros outweigh the Cons? How effective are vaccines? The debate about giving the vaccine to children are the group that is anti-vaccination â€Å"say that children’s immune systems can deal with most infections naturally and that injecting questionable vaccine ingredients into a child may cause side effects, including seizures, paralysis, and death.† The group for vaccination arguesRead MorePros And Cons Of Vaccinations1285 Words   |  6 Pages Vaccinations are a heavily debated topic in society today. Vaccinations have long been defined as a successful health measure, but the safety of vaccines raise concerns among many parents. According to Glanz et al., â€Å"The issue of vaccine hesitancy can be examined from several different angles, many of which point to the delicate balance between personal liberty and public health† (2). Personal rights and public health concerns, collide on this subject. Many parents want to decide if their childrenRead MorePros And Cons Of Vaccination750 Words   |  3 PagesBenefits and Dangers of Vaccinations There are many types of vaccinations used for many types of illnesses. They can vary from some small illness to a deadly illness that is very contagious. Some vaccinations are used for DPT (Diptheria, Pertussis, Tetanus), Diptheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Poliomyelitis and MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella). There are many pros of vaccinations. One of them is most healthcare professionals believe ion their effectiveness. It is believed that vaccinations are the cause of aRead MorePros And Cons Of Vaccination1665 Words   |  7 PagesVaccinations, Worth A Shot! Mandated Vaccinations are a huge argument right now because of health and disease issues. There are people on both sides of this argument. Some people are against vaccinating their children because they feel they are being forced to have their child get vaccinated. While some people feel the need that vaccinations are important to protect themselves from any illness or diseases. Vaccinations should be mandatory for all schools and health care purposes. For one, peopleRead MorePros and Cons to Vaccination in Children1750 Words   |  7 PagesSeptember 1st 2014 Pros and Cons to Vaccinations in Children Almost everyone has heard of the benefits and dangers of childhood vaccines. Parents are especially eager to do what is best for their child to protect him or her. Some people have different opinions on what the best specifically entails when it comes to childhood vaccines. Vaccinations are a controversial discussion as parents question whether it should be mandatory or optional when they feel the cons outweigh the pros. The government saysRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Vaccination1037 Words   |  5 Pageswith autism or a deceased child because you refused to vaccinate? Chances are, you would prefer to have a child with autism. There are parents who have read articles falsely linking vaccines to autism causing them to make the decision to deny vaccinations. Their refusal not only puts their child at risk, but other children surrounding them. Their denial erases the long-standing history of saving lives and the eradication of deadly diseases around the world. This also undermines the research andRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Vaccination1011 Words   |  5 PagesVaccinations have gone through opposition and critics, but for the most part legislation has been slow, but treated vaccination fairly. To this day vaccination still faces many of the challenges that it faced in the early nineteenth century. The reasons have gone from personal freedom issues and just the overall effectiveness of mass immunization. The courts in the nineteenth century typically supported the enactment of mandatory vaccination programs. Most importantly for the future of mandatoryRead MorePros And Cons Of Vaccination1241 Words   |  5 Pagescausing adverse effects and conditions. A world without vaccines would be full of illness and diseases. Thanks to vaccines a lot of diseases are almost gone from the U.S. today. According to CDC, in 1979, Japan decided to reduce their pertussis vaccinations and as a result they suffered a major epidemic resulting in 13,000 cases of whooping cough and 41 deaths. In 1981 they began vaccinating again and the number of pertussis cases dropped. This research reveals the importance of vaccines and how theyRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Vaccinations1465 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneral public healthy. Vaccinations have always been a topic of contention in regards to younger children, but have been a staple of health for older adults. In fact, college requirements for vaccinations are mandatory, and failure to get the proper vaccines before college starts could result in holds on college students’ accounts or delays in registering for classes. For some students the vaccines are simple to procure, but for others the concept of required vaccinations serve as a real barrierRead MoreDiscussing the Pros and Cons of Vaccinations673 Words   |  3 PagesDiscussing the Pros And Cons Of Vacciniations Thesis: Vaccinations have many benefits including the prevention of certain diseases but they also can cause issues and be very riskful in using them to treat or prevent a disease. Some of these issues include the ethic dilemma behind the subject. Introduction: Vaccines are among the most affordable and successful public health tools for preventing disease, disability, and sometimes death. Not only do they protect a vaccinated individual from developing

Public Outcry and Acceptance to Darwins theory of Evolution

On Thursday 24 November 1859, Charles Darwin published and made available to the western world his magnum opus, On the Origin of Species, a compilation of some twenty plus years of research regarding the human biology and its advancement. Darwin proposed in Origins that all life slowly evolved, biologically mutated over a period of time, to its present day form. Expanding on prior research in the field of genetics, Darwin theorized a survival of the fittest complex which forced basic animals to evolve new advanced traits to survive in their respective environments, in the process theorizing that humans also evolved from lesser creatures. Darwins theory of evolution was meet with critical response, mainly negative, at the time of its†¦show more content†¦Despite such attacks on the premise of evolution, many readers of Darwins theory rose in defense of the subject. Evolution discredited due to it lacking presentable physical evidence was rebutted in the form of recalling prev ious theories, once thought illegitimate because of lack of evidence, such as the Heliocentric theory, or the theory of the law of attraction of gravity, these theories, while initially difficult to prove nonetheless turned out to be completely factual (The Religious Aspect of Darwinism 1). Also drawing from this rebuttal, defenders of evolution could easily questioned why one would choose to believe in the word of the bible, despite also having no presentable evidence and even more eccentric tales, than that of evolution. One could not readily attack evolution based on arguments of lacking proper evidence and evolution relying solely on hypothetical means, without being a hypocrite to their own creeds. It seemed that rather than solid rebuttal to the theory of evolution, initial negative responses were relying on biased attacks, likely inspired by personal disapproval of the theory. Published in the Milwaukee Sentential, was a letter representing defenders of Darwin, which stated, he [attackers to Darwin] avows and recognizes the all prevalent sentiments of truth...swayed by an Omnipotent power which defies analysis and passesShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture

A Strange Place Essay Research Paper A free essay sample

A Strange Place Essay, Research Paper A Strange Topographic point I can non suit in little autos ; it is impossible. Two door athleticss autos are the worst. I scoot the place back until it touches the place behind me, and still I am snoging my articulatio genuss. This state of affairs and many others posed rather a job for me in my 9-month stretch in Europe, a topographic point of the unexpected, a topographic point where common sense and logic do non be, a topographic point really different from what I am used excessively. This was my first drive on a super-charged, turbo, bus, hi-tech 747 Jumbo Jet. The flight was LA to Amsterdam ; 12 hours directly. There I sat in Business category with epicurean, grey, leather reclining chairs. I had my pick of what film I wanted to watch, my pick of what repast was to be served, and my pick of how hot or cold it was. Everything was my pick. The air hostesss were great with their cunning German speech patterns and cute uniforms, carry throughing my every demand. I even had legroom. Wow, life couldn t get any better. I could even order alcohol free of charge, if I were so inclined. I could non acquire any slumber on this winging sail ship I was so lucky to be on. I watched every film, listened to every wireless station, read every free magazine, and ordered every free drink. I had it all. This, nevertheless, was NOT Europe. After 22 hours of pure Eden, my dream universe shortly came to a barbarous terminal as I stepped off the plane into an airdrome reeking of human perspiration and coffin nail fume. It was gross outing. My eyes started to biting and my lungs began to ache from the fume. I had to take a breath through my olfactory organ to maintain from smelling the rancid organic structure odor that emanated from about every individual in the airdrome. My one and merely thought was to acquire out of that topographic point every bit fast as possible. But of class, winging into another state, I had to travel through imposts, which was the most boring experience of my life. I had neer gone through imposts before. They check every one of your bags 15 times and they check your passport at least 4 or 5 times. Plus, they all spoke bad English so it was impossible to understand what they wanted me to make. Finally I got out of that atrocious topographic point and was ready to hit the streets. I stepped out of the front terminal automatic sliding doors. I looked in incredulity at the autos, they were all half to one third the size of normal American autos. Almost all of them looked like they had driven off a drop a few times. I tried to believe of how I was traveling to suit in those autos. They all had unusual names like Peugot, Opel , Aston Martin, etc. One name was non unusual to me, Mercedes, I hoped I would be siting in one of these all right cars. It turned out that the individual picking my up had a Volkswagon mini-bus. Volkswagens are the large thing at that place. They are like Ford here. So I threw all my bags in the dorsum of this coach and we left for the school go forthing a big cloud of black fume behind us. The thrust to school was non one of my favourite experiences. We were in a raggedy old coach, likely from the eighteenth century, that had clasp jobs, brake jobs and wheel jobs, and we were still driving about 110 miles per hour on the Autobahn. I was so frightened that I couldn t ticker, and what made things even worse was that it was a adult female driver. The Autobahn is Germany s chief main road. There is no posted velocity bound on this insane stretch of main road where 1 could go through the state without even detecting. If you of all time drive in Germany on the Autobahn, neer of all time travel into the far left lane. You are likely to acquire rear ended by some 200 thousand dollar Mercedes. That left lane has a minimal velocity bound of 120 stat mis per hr. You see large, silver, S-Class Mercedes coming up behind you with its horn blare and its headlamps blinking. As it whizzes by you at a pathetic velocity all you see is the driver with both custodies on the wheel gazing co nsecutive in front, intensely concentrating on the route in front of him. We arrived at the school, thank God, and the first thing I noticed was that it was out in the center of nowhere. I mean, the nearest large metropolis was 2 and a half hours off. There were corn fields and cattles everyplace. The edifices where all about 200 old ages old with clefts running half manner down the outside and old orange tile roofs. The school evidences used to be corn fields and Equus caballus grazing lands. There were wild flowers of all different colourss everyplace, and attractively brilliant oak trees surrounded the campus, about like a palace wall. The thing about these old edifices is that they don Ts have good plumbing or electricity. Everything was so mediaeval. It was really different from what I was used to endorse place. This topographic point, although really different from what I was used to, gave me many valuable experiences that helped me recognize who I was. It helped me calculate out what my ends were and how I was traveling to accomplish them. The school had no agencies to assist me accomplish these ends, and that s what made it so great. I suggest sing a unusual topographic point whenever you have the opportunity because it is genuinely a great experience.

Renaissance free essay sample

Renaissance was a time of rebirth of the studies of the Greeks and Romans, as well as the start of new ideas. Some ideas that were created in the Renaissance include: individualism, secularism and humanism. Individualism was the concept of the individual and the belief to be able to reach the best of its abilities. Secularism is enjoying worldly affairs, which took after the Roman’s epicureanism. Lastly, the concept of humanism which is the study of human nature. All three of these ideas were ideal to the purposes and values of education throughout the Renaissance. These ideas were useful to the people as well as caused them damage. Thus, education and its purposes and values were argued hotly throughout the Renaissance. Some of the main arguments were education for upper class, education for all, and criticizing education over all. Some Renaissance men argued that education should be for the upper class or people who wish to attempt to be part of the upper class. They believed the upper class was the only people that needed an education since they were at the top. Some men who believed this were Castiglione, Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, and John Amos Comenius. Castiglione wrote a book to the courtiers describing how a courtier should behave. This book, The Courtier, was used by upper class for three hundred years to teach their kids about manners and behaviors. Castiglione suggests that a courtier should be well-rounded in his studies and be â€Å"passably learned in the humanities, in the Latin poets, orators and historians† (Doc. 3). Compared to a lower class male, Castiglione believes the upper class needs more education. Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini was an Italian humanist who later became pope. He describes that education is needed on high class, especially a prince or any ruler (Doc. 1). John Amos Comenius stressed the importance of education and university; which, back then, university was more for the upper class since they can afford it. He believed the only useful education was university (Doc. 13). As more time passed by, the percentages of justices of the peace who attended university increased. More men started getting an education and becoming part of the upper class. Francesco Guicciardini was an Italian statesman and historian. When he was young he never took education seriously, but as he grew older he regret it and wished he paid more attention. He talks about that if he had a great education he could have â€Å"opened the way to the favor of princes and sometimes to great profit and honor†. He believed that if he had a great education he could have been in the upper class (Doc. 6). This shows that many people argued strongly about the purpose and value of education was for the upper class or to attempt to be part of the upper class. Other Renaissance men believed that education should be for all. This idea was practiced more in the Northern Renaissance than the Italian Renaissance but it was still used in both. An example of Northern Renaissance men that hold this idea would be Desiderius Erasmus and a man from the School Ordinances. He wrote the Praise of Folly which was a satire against the church. Erasmus was also known for his strong belief in education and institution (Doc. 4). A man from the School Ordinances believed everyone should go to school so they can learn discipline and to be afraid of god. I think this view point is strange since this man is telling this to a pastor and a pastor wouldn’t like the idea of teaching kids to be afraid of god (Doc. 7). Examples of Italian Renaissance men who hold this idea would be Battista Guarino. Battista Guarino believed learning and training in virtue is the true meaning of humanist and that this property pursuits all of mankind (Doc. 2). The values and purposes of education was to reach a wider variety and attempt to give education to all. Lastly, another group of Renaissance men argued intensively that the values and purposes of Renaissance education was useless and pointless. John Brinsley was an English schoolmaster and he believed that when adolescents went to school, they â€Å"have little sense of the meaning and true use of learning†. He claims that all they know is how to write in Latin which â€Å"no one will want to read† (Doc. 10). In a letter from an unknown man to the Parlement of Dijon, he says, â€Å"the study of literature is appropriate only to a small minority of men† (Doc. 11). He goes on to say that more hard-working bodies are needed than dreamy and contemplative spirits. Michel de Montaigne was a French essayist and politician. He called the educational system absurd and accused the cause of the selection of books was due to which one sounds the best not which one has the best facts (Doc. 8). John Amos Comenius believed education was pointless until university. He stressed the importance of education in university, which was usually the upper class who went to university. He criticized and emphasized the unimportance of education before university greatly (Doc. 13). The values and purposes of education were discussed and argued greatly throughout the Renaissance. The main arguments were education for upper class, education for all, and criticizing education over all. Castiglione, Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, and John Amos Comenius believed strongly in education for upper class. Desiderius Erasmus, a man from the School Ordinances, Battista Guarino believed in education for all. Lastly, John Brinsley, Michel de Montaigne, and, once again, John Amos Comenius criticized the education system strongly. All three topics are only a few of the many values and purposes of the education during the Renaissance.

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthriris Essays - Rheumatology, Arthritis

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthriris A chronic, inflammatory disease that may cause joint or connective tissue damage. The onset occurs before Age 16. Causes, incidence, and risk factors: JRA is thought to belong to the collagen classes of disease (those diseases that involve connective tissue). It is a complicated disease. The primary manifestation is arthritis, but the disease may involve other body systems such as the heart and lining around the heart (pericardium), lungs and lining around the lungs (pleura), eyes, and skin. Systemic arthritis affects 20% of those with juvenile arthritis and includes fever, rash, and enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) in addition to joint inflammation. JRA is generally divided into five broad groups depending on whether a large number of joints are involved or just a few, whether the rheumatoid factor (a blood test) is positive or negative, and whether there is eye involvement or not. The five categories of JRA may be roughly broken down as follows: many involved joints and a positive rheumatoid factor many involved joints and a negative rheumatoid factor few involved joints and a positive antinuclear antibody few involved joints and a positive HLA B27 surface antigen systemic JRA (throughout the body) A specialist in rheumatology generally makes the category determination. The onset of arthritis may be slow or extremely rapid. An early sign of slow onset may be stiffness on arising in the morning. Swollen, painful joints characterize the arthritis of JRA with pain on motion and sometimes to touch. The skin over the joints is generally not red but can be. The systemic form of JRA may first appear with high fevers, chills and a rash but without joint pain. In the systemic form, arthritis may develop months after the appearance of the fever. The two forms of JRA where there are only a few joints involved often have associated eye disease. The most severe form of eye disease, chronic iridocyclitis of JRA, may lead to lead to visual problems or blindness. The milder form of JRA-associated eye disease is acute iridocyclitis, which generally heals without permanent damage. The cause of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is unknown. Growth may be affected during periods of active disease. Girls are affected more often than boys are. The peak onset occurs between the ages of 2 to 5 years old and between 9 to 12 years old. Risk factors may be a family history of the disease and recent rubella infection or vaccine. Prevention: There is no known prevention for JRA. Symptoms: General symptoms: joint stiffness on arising in the morning limited range of motion slow rate of growth hot, swollen, painful joints fever, low grade (with multiple-joint type disease) fever, high spiking with chills (with systemic form of disease) rheumatoid rash rheumatoid nodules (at sites of pressure) Symptoms of eye involvement: red eyes eye pain photophobia visual changes Other symptoms: chest pain shortness of breath abdominal pain Signs and tests: Physical examination may show an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), or swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy). There may also be signs of: anemia iridocyclitis pericarditis pleuritis myocarditis Tests include: CBC ESR ANA RA factor HLA antigens immunoelectrophoresis - serum synovial fluid analysis X-ray of a joint X-ray of the chest ECG slit-lamp exam of the eyes Treatment: Treatment is aimed at preserving mobility and joint function and supporting the patient and family through a long chronic illness. Therapeutic medications include: aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS) corticosteroids topical ophthalmic corticosteroids mydriatics gold therapy chloroquine agents immune suppressing agents (rarely used in children) Note: Talk to your health care provider before giving aspirin or NSAIDS to children! Physical therapy and exercise programs may be recommended. Surgical procedures may be indicated, including joint replacement. Expectations (prognosis): JRA is seldom life threatening. Long periods of spontaneous remission are typical. Often JRA improves or remits at puberty. Approximately 75% of JRA patients eventually enter remission with minimal functional loss and deformity. The stress of illness can often be helped by joining a support group. Here, members share common experiences and problems.. Complications: loss of vision or decreased vision total joint destruction of the major weight-bearing joints chronic spondyloarthropathy

How to Use a Response Essay Sample Agreement

How to Use a Response Essay Sample AgreementIf you want to enter into a contract with your client, you may want to consider a response essay sample agreement. A contract is a legal document that provides the basics of how a business can operate and what services will be provided. By understanding this basic outline, both parties have the advantage of knowing exactly what they are signing before the business relationship begins.A response essay sample agreement must detail the end of this relationship, and a clear outline of what will happen between the parties after that. This is a way to set up guidelines for both parties. It is important to make sure that all details are clearly defined so that everything is clear to both parties at the beginning of a relationship.Every agreement should start with a specific topic of discussion. However, it is important to be clear on what the specific topic is. For example, it is okay to set up a topic for the first part of the agreement, but it m ight not be a good idea to begin with the ending.The second part of the agreement must contain specific topics for the two parties. First things first, both parties must agree on who will be the author of the essay. This is done by listing down who the author is. The other party is then required to agree as well, and the response must be written by the author.The response must also be acceptable to both parties. The essay must be a response to a similar question or challenge. It must be acceptable to both parties to be categorized as a response essay sample agreement because it makes both parties think about what they are agreeing upon.The final part of the agreement is an overview of the beginning and ending of the contract. These two parts will detail everything from the exact date that the contract will be established to when the agreement will be over. It is very important to know the exact dates so that both parties have a clearly outlined timeline for a business relationship. This helps to keep all parties focused on what is taking place during this specific time period.Finally, the agreement must give specifics about how the contract will be handled after it is over. It must list down when the agreement will be cancelled, how the relationship will be terminated, and what the final payment for services provided will be. The terms can be to meet at a certain time, or to meet again sometime in the future.When writing a response essay sample agreement, it is important to keep these points in mind. A good template can be used to quickly put together the outlines of what all the terms should be. It is also important to make sure the terms are properly set out to avoid any confusion down the road. This way, both parties are going to be pleased with the arrangement.

Free Essays on Family Assessment Assignment

Family Assessment Assignment The purpose of this paper is to present a family assessment. Community health nurses work with individual families and with families as an aggregate within the population (Clark, 2003). Several areas will be presented such as biophysical, psychological, physical environmental, sociocultural, behavioral and health system considerations. The data obtained during family health assessment enable the nurse to make informed decisions about the health care needs of families (Clark). Biophysical Considerations On the maternal side, this family has one living eighty five year old male and one living seventy seven year old female. Two of the paternal members are deceased at the age of forty and eighty-eight. There is one living fifty-three year old male and one living forty-eight year old female. This couple has three children, two males, age twenty and fifteen, and a female age eighteen. All of the above family members have accomplished age-appropriate developmental tasks. The younger male has a learning disability which does cause some excess stress in the family. This is an example of an extended family and also the dual-earner family. This family consists of two working parents with children and also includes a kin network which provides mutual support for the family (Clark, 2003). The younger family members are currently healthy and are not being treated for any health conditions. The eighty-five year old male is currently undergoing treatment for colon-rectal cancer. This treatment consists of weekly visits to a doctor’s office for chemotherapy. There is a family history of genetic pre-disposition to cancer as his mother had this illness also. Psychological Considerations The typical mode of communication in the family is verbal. The family uses the switchboard pattern, in which all members have reciprocal communication. A successful pattern of communication is the â€Å"switchboard†... Free Essays on Family Assessment Assignment Free Essays on Family Assessment Assignment Family Assessment Assignment The purpose of this paper is to present a family assessment. Community health nurses work with individual families and with families as an aggregate within the population (Clark, 2003). Several areas will be presented such as biophysical, psychological, physical environmental, sociocultural, behavioral and health system considerations. The data obtained during family health assessment enable the nurse to make informed decisions about the health care needs of families (Clark). Biophysical Considerations On the maternal side, this family has one living eighty five year old male and one living seventy seven year old female. Two of the paternal members are deceased at the age of forty and eighty-eight. There is one living fifty-three year old male and one living forty-eight year old female. This couple has three children, two males, age twenty and fifteen, and a female age eighteen. All of the above family members have accomplished age-appropriate developmental tasks. The younger male has a learning disability which does cause some excess stress in the family. This is an example of an extended family and also the dual-earner family. This family consists of two working parents with children and also includes a kin network which provides mutual support for the family (Clark, 2003). The younger family members are currently healthy and are not being treated for any health conditions. The eighty-five year old male is currently undergoing treatment for colon-rectal cancer. This treatment consists of weekly visits to a doctor’s office for chemotherapy. There is a family history of genetic pre-disposition to cancer as his mother had this illness also. Psychological Considerations The typical mode of communication in the family is verbal. The family uses the switchboard pattern, in which all members have reciprocal communication. A successful pattern of communication is the â€Å"switchboard†...

Business Analysis Of HSBC

Business Analysis Of HSBC HSBC is public limited bank and it’s headquartered is located in London, England since 1993. HSBC bank was founded in 1865 in and it was started with name † The Hong kong and Shanghai Banking corporation â€Å".The bank has lots of branches throughout the world. HSBC bank offers wide range of banking, Investment and financial service to high and economic customers. It holds international network of 8000 properties in 88 countries and regions in Europe, Hong kong, Rest of Asia-Pacific, The Middle East, The Americas and Africa. Previously, the Middle East is known as part of ‘Rest of Asia -Pacific ‘. HSBC offers comprehensive range of financial service within these international network. Banking service such as Credit and debit accounts, bank loans (secured loans, loans, unsecured loans, car loans etc.), mortgages, overdraft facility, and insurance are being served by the bank. It also provides Internet banking and Offshore banking. HSBC is one of the worldâ €™s largest banking and financial service group with 8th rank, according to Forbes Magazine. It has market capitalisation of US$ 199 billion since 31st December 2009. It is listed on the so many stock exchanges like London, Hong kong, New York , Barmuda and Paris; it is also part of the FTSE 100 index and HangSeng index. HSBC is also world’s first bank which was opened internationally that means â€Å"World’s Local Bank† and it was financed various projects like Railroad Building due to mordenization in early 20th century. History of HSBC: The history of HSBC is as old as extremely intresting for the each and every person and organization who wants great deal with the bank around the globe. Furthermore, bank is offering large amount of service to an individuals and institutions. FOUNDATION AND GROWTH : HSBC originally stands from â€Å"The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation † which is established by Scot Thomas Sutherland in Hongkong ( 3rd marc h ) in 1865. Then and as now,1 Queen’s Road Central was bank’s headquartered in Hongkong , plus another was opened in Shanghai one month later in 3rdapril 1865 to finance growing trade between China and Europe. In addition, one year later the London office was opened. During the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the bank opened its more branches in China, Asia, Japan, Europe and North America to provide financial service for its clients. Throughout the Second war the bank closed its many branches due to an international financial crisis and the head office was temporarily moved from Hongkong to London. Then after, the bank played major roll in rebuilding of Hongkong economy and that was the time for geographical spread through acquisition and alliances . In 1959, the bank purchased two banks that was The British Bank of Middle East and The Mercantile Bank (based in India). The Bank moved to Canadian and Australian market to expand its business during 1981-1986. I n 1987 The Marine Midland Bank (Now HSBC Bank of USA) became a member of the group. In 1991, HSBC Holding PLC was established and it became parent company to The Hong kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, the shares were traded in both London Hong -kong stock exhanges.

Paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Paper 2 - Essay Example He argues that good performance profiles should define success and thus meeting the minimum requirements (Uttaro, Paras 2-3). Management position also requires a good performance profile, which removes non-fact based opinions. It is wise to avoid personal bias by using performance profiles to be aware of characters that have been proven by scientists to make employees satisfied. The other thing is by staying current. Good performance profiles are made by using recent performance of your employees. Taking note of current performance of employees is a good tool when developing performance profiles. The other important aspect is developing performance profile that maximizes odds. Making use of performance profiles enables one easily to hire people who will be productive and stay longer in your firm (Uttaro, Paras. 4- 6). After school, accountancy will be the career of choice. The job requires knowledge in preparing financial statements. It also requires a commitment, speed, and accuracy, and you need to have computer skills especially in Microsoft Excel. The best performance profile for the accounting job that will lead to effective performance can be seen below. First is to prepare a comprehensive plan to achieve accounting objectives with a distinct period that you want to accomplish. Secondly, one should conduct a comprehensive operational review. Work with other financial accountants and assess all aspects of the company’s operating performance. Develop a plan of action to deal with each of the issues. The other thing is to address operational issues. If the company is under- performing, you need have a group of people to execute the task and solve pertinent issues. Another thing is to evaluate the financial strength of the company. You need to review all the historical financial data, bu dgets, and forecasts. Evaluate critical areas of concern and determine new ways to improve performance (Uttaro, Para 8). Considering the

No topc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

No topc - Essay Example Sometimes women are the suppressed gender in our society. Conflict arises relating to what are the socially accepted roles for women. What are the typical gender issues in our society today? Why do gender issues focus on women? Historical accounts about women’s societal roles can be traced back during the time of Abraham and Jesus. We can see how women were treated during those times based on the Bible. Men’s societal roles during this time were outside the home, as dictated by the traditional society. They work mostly in the plantation, work as carpenters, palace guards, while women nurse their children and always stay at home to do household chores. During the early colonial period where galleon trade started conquering the world, women remained domesticated. Education was only given to men who will be part of this trade. During the 19th century, different types of government began to emerge, yet these governments were not aware of gender inequality because they only continue the same norm and culture of men dominating women. The establishment of these governments was created through elections. However, women were not given the right to suffrage / vote until 1920s. Suffrage issues began to alarm some women who can’t bear the unequal rights given to women. They believe that they are also part of the success of the society and can decide whom to vote. Because of some uprisings of these women in the 19th century, women were persecuted for fighting for their rights. Men believed that women are not yet ready to take on responsibilities outside their home. Still, more women fought against these socially constructed norms about them. Some women were not fully recognized for their contributions in the society. Mostly men were given credits and privileges. We can call this kind of society as patriarchal, for believing men are more sufficient and rational as women. Economies of European countries before were ruled by men

Pauls views on government :: essays research papers

Paul’s views on Government   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first part of Paul’s letter to the Romans is very important because during the beginning he gives his credentials so that he may give authenticity to his letter. He declares himself â€Å"a servant of Jesus Christ called to be an apostle† Romans 1:1. This is to give himself credibility when he discusses God’s will.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The meat and bones of this book starts with the idea of election. The current government of the Romans was mainly aristocratic with the largely powerless senate and the ever powerful Cesar. Depending on your choice of interpretation you might think that Paul deals with the act of free will in Ch. 9. A Calvinistic view would dive into God giving us free will, and ending up believing that God causes us to do the things that we do. If you believe that God created us all in his image then you would be against the Roman type of government because if we are all created in God’s image we are all created equally and no one person can be placed above another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paul, as well many of the Israelites hated the Roman government and its methods (e.g. crucifixion). But unlike many of his peers Paul felt that as cruel and unsatisfactory the Romans treated the Israelites Paul believed that â€Å"those authorities that exist have been instituted by God. Therefore whoever resists authority resists what God has appointed, and those who resist will incur judgment† Romans 13:1-2. Paul believes that all the current institutions were created by God. This might be because Paul himself was a minister of God that was ordained by God. He might also have believed the political institutions were like he was, ordained by God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paul also seemed to believe that since everything was according to God’s will that God created a state around and for the Israelites. A big portion of this gospel is also dedicated to the spreading of the gospel to everyone, even the gentiles. While there were some people that Paul considered ‘weak’ Christians, Paul still believe that the gospel was for them as well. Pauls views on government :: essays research papers Paul’s views on Government   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first part of Paul’s letter to the Romans is very important because during the beginning he gives his credentials so that he may give authenticity to his letter. He declares himself â€Å"a servant of Jesus Christ called to be an apostle† Romans 1:1. This is to give himself credibility when he discusses God’s will.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The meat and bones of this book starts with the idea of election. The current government of the Romans was mainly aristocratic with the largely powerless senate and the ever powerful Cesar. Depending on your choice of interpretation you might think that Paul deals with the act of free will in Ch. 9. A Calvinistic view would dive into God giving us free will, and ending up believing that God causes us to do the things that we do. If you believe that God created us all in his image then you would be against the Roman type of government because if we are all created in God’s image we are all created equally and no one person can be placed above another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paul, as well many of the Israelites hated the Roman government and its methods (e.g. crucifixion). But unlike many of his peers Paul felt that as cruel and unsatisfactory the Romans treated the Israelites Paul believed that â€Å"those authorities that exist have been instituted by God. Therefore whoever resists authority resists what God has appointed, and those who resist will incur judgment† Romans 13:1-2. Paul believes that all the current institutions were created by God. This might be because Paul himself was a minister of God that was ordained by God. He might also have believed the political institutions were like he was, ordained by God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paul also seemed to believe that since everything was according to God’s will that God created a state around and for the Israelites. A big portion of this gospel is also dedicated to the spreading of the gospel to everyone, even the gentiles. While there were some people that Paul considered ‘weak’ Christians, Paul still believe that the gospel was for them as well.

Motivation is the incentive to work Essay

Motivation is the incentive to work; hence having a motivated workforce is vital for most businesses, since a highly motivated workforce can lead to higher rates of productivity, better quality output, and low rates of absenteeism and labour turnover. The main factors which, affect the motivation of workers are pay levels, job security, promotional prospects, responsibility, working conditions, fringe benefits, participation in decision-making and working in a team There are two basic theories of motivation, content theories and process theories. Content theories deal with what actually motivates people, what needs to be satisfied in order for workers to be motivated. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is an example of a content theory. Process theories on the other hand deal with the though processes which affect the workforces behaviour. An example of this is staff at a company working on commission, e.g. their pay is directly affected by production or their sales. I hope to improve my understanding of the different theories and how these theories are applied in real world companies. Abraham Maslow’s theory of human motivation was published in 1943. He based his theory upon his belief that actualisation was the driving force of human personality. His theory is a five-tiered hierarchy of needs, and is as such; 1.) Physiological needs – These are the basic needs to survive, food, shelter and warmth. 2.) Security needs – These are the needs for job security, security from emotional and physical harm. 3.) Affiliation needs – These are the needs for affection, belonging, acceptance and friendship. 4.) Esteem needs – The need for self-respect and to gain the respect of others 5.) Self-actualisation – The need of a person to reach there full potential. Maslow believed that each level had to be fulfilled before the next level could be achieved, but once a level had been achieved that level no longer motivated, for example, hungry man may be desperate for food, but once he eats a good meal, the promise of food no longer motivates him. I believe since, this theory was written in the 1950’s it is no longer as relevant, compared to when it was written, due to everybody’s physiological needs are met, either by the government or by their job. Security needs are met in today’s world, due to the fact that people cannot be unfairly dismissed, hence so long as they do there work correctly they are secure in their job. So these two factors are no longer motivational. Other than two levels becoming obsolete, I believe Maslow’s theory to be relevant to many companies in the business world, which in turn means that I believe Hertzberg’s theory to be relevant to most companies in the business world. An example of a company to which Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is indeed relevant, is Asda. Physiological needs are provided by Asda, but as they are no longer a motivating factor, they are considered irrelevant, since if a person were to not have a job their physiological needs would be provided for by the government. At Asda job security is provided in that, personnel, if Asda deems them, to be inadequate workers, are given an informal warning, then three official warnings, then a weeks notice would be given if there’s no improvement. The affiliation needs of people are fulfilled by each Asda employee being given a ‘buddy’, which whom, problems, qualms, etc can be privately and confidentially discussed. The esteem needs of people are met by Asda having events such as an achievers lunch, at which, that month’s best worker from each department is invited to a lunch together. There are also other things like an award for giving the best customer service each month, departmental competitions and employee’s, if they have an idea to improve Asda, can ‘tell Tony’, this is a scheme which, allows all Asda employees to participate in the running of the company. The prospect of self-actualisation is achieved by offering employees the opportunity for training, promotion, which will allow them to work their way up the job ladder, to their maximum potential. Douglas McGregor’s theory of the x and y managers was published in a book called ‘The Human Side Of Enterprise’, in 1960. His theory stereotypes all managers into two groups, type x and type y. Type x manager’s work on the assumption that all human beings have an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if they can. Due to this they work on the principle of reward and punishment, or stick and carrot. McGregor believed that type x managers are lazy, obtuse, dislike responsibility and need to use control factors to motivate employees, such as pay. Theory x managers contradict, since it relies on employees needing only financial gain to motivate them. Theory x managers give only context factors, which, in Hertzberg’s opinion do not motivate. Theory y managers are creative and aim to develop potential. They work under the assumption that control and punishment are not the only way to get people to work. People will be more productive if they are committed to the aims of the organisation, and they will be committed if they have job satisfaction Asda attempt to use type y managers since, employees are encouraged to be creative, with ideas such as the ‘tell Tony’ scheme mentioned above. But there is one outlying principle used by Asda, which, shows that management cannot be stereotyped, in that employees are financially punished, if they receive an official warning, in that they lose their bonus. Hertzberg theory is that there are context or hygiene factors and motivators or content factors. Context or hygiene factors do not motivate, but without them there would be dissatisfaction. These factors involve the work environment rather than what people actually do on the job. Context factors are, salary, supervision, security, working conditions and status. Motivators or content factors are factors, which, motive employees and involves what people actually do on the job. These are achievement, recognition, advancement and responsibility. As with Maslow the context factors, which are the same as the physiological needs and the security needs, have to be fulfilled before the content factors can be fulfilled, which are similar to the higher tiers of Maslow’s hierarchy, but it is separated into two tiers, rather than five. I believe Hertzberg’s theory to be a modification of Maslow’s theory that is more applicable to the modern world, since modern or basic needs, no longer include only food, shelter and warmth, most people will consider a TV, car, etc, basic needs. These modern basic needs can be covered by Hertzberg’s context factors. Asda use Hertzberg’s theory, since it is a modern extension of Maslow’s theory, as I explained above. Taylor theory was not about motivation; rather it was about specialisation, which had the same final result as motivation, increased productivity and efficiency. Taylor formed the basis for all the theorists with his introduction of the scientific approach to decision making. Taylor’s theory is still applicable to all professions, since he created specialisation, which is the basis of all modern businesses. Previous to Taylor creating specialisation workers had changed jobs erratically, so people never learnt how to do a job efficiently, but when Taylor introduced specialisation people only did one type of job, weaving for example, so they became skilled in doing that specific thing, so the production line was more efficient. During this assignment I have developed a more though understanding of what motivates people and the theories developed to motivate people. Prior to completing this assignment I had failed to realise the importance of motivation.

Atl and Btl Advertising - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 19 Words: 5561 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/26 Category Advertising Essay Type Persuasive essay Level PHD Did you like this example? Project Report On ‘Effectiveness of Below The Line Advertising’ At IN PARTIAL FULFILLMNT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR MASTER IN MANAGEMENT STUDIES (MMS) Submitted By ROLL NO. C-06 MMS (2009-2011) Submitted To * DECLARATION I wish to state that the work embodied in this Project titled ‘EFFECTIVENESS OF BTL ADVERTISING’ forms my own contribution to Management. Wherever references have been made to intellectual properties of any individual / Institution / Government / Private / Public Bodies/Universities, research paper, text books, reference books, research monographs, archives of newspapers, corporate, individuals, business / Government and any other source of intellectual properties viz. , speeches, quotations, conference proceedings, extracts from the website, working paper, seminal work et al, they have been clearly indicated, duly acknowledged and included in the Bibliography. _________________________ Signature of Candidate Prandya Patil * ACKNO WLEDGEMENT This project would not have come to fruition without help, wittingly or unwittingly, of a great many people too numerous to mention. This section provides a platform to recognize and acknowledge those fortunate enough to spring to mind. My Industry Mentor, Mr. Gautam Mazumdar should be commended for the guidance, support, and wealth of ideas he provided in order to see this work completed. Our industry mentors should be commended for the guidance, support, and wealth of ideas they provided in order to see this work completed. The credit of the successful completion of the project goes to our mentors at industry our college teachers. Thanks a lot to all the unnamed people who kindly responded to the questionnaire, especially our friends in the college. * Genesis of the report This project is generated to study the effectiveness of advertising. As we see that advertising has become very essential to enter and sustain in the market. Many companies have their tie-ups with different Ad agencies for their product launch, sales promotion, offers and all other marketing awareness activities. And there is lot of money poured into making of effective Ads. Thus, there is need to study that if the companies or an entity approaching to an advertiser is finding that Ad effective or not? Many companies use various promotional activities to increase their market share. These activities can broadly be classified under two categories. 1) ATL (Above the line) or Mass Promotional Activities. e. g. Ads on TV or internet, print media, Banners etc. 2) BTL (Below the line) or personalized/Direct marketing. e. g. Tele-calling, promotion via mailing etc. Companies pour in millions of dollars to promote their brand, create brand awareness and market their services to boost their sales and grab higher market share. So it makes every business sense to know the effectiveness of different media and invest in those which have high effectiveness. The objective of the rese arch was to study the effectiveness of these promotional activities used by businessman and other companies. TABLE OF CONTENTS: DECLARATIONi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTii Genesis of the reportiii A. List of Appendices:1 B. Abbreviations and Definitions:1 I. INTRODUCTION:2 II. LITERATURE REVIEW:6 )Evolution of below -the- line activities6 2)Channels of BTL activities:7 III. BACKGROUND OF THE PLACE OF WORK:10 a)Company Profile:10 b)Services offered:11 c)Media MAXX promotional strategy:13 IV. NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT:14 V. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT:15 VI. PROBLEM FORMULATION:15 VII. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:16 VIII. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:16 IX. DATA ANALYSIS:17 X. MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES USED:18 XI. FINDING INTERPRETATION:19 a. General findings from the Research Questionnaire:19 A. Category/Industry Population19 B. Advertising Population20 b. Research findings:21 a)Reason behind Advertising:21 (b)Most Liked feature of Advertising. 22 (c)Respondents perception about BTL23 (d)Confirming Per ception24 (f)Judge Effectiveness of BTL25 (g)Analyzing the effectiveness of various promotional activities:26 XII. HYPOTHESIS TESTING27 XIII. CONCLUSION:28 A. Learning experiences from the project:28 B. SUGGESTIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS:29 C. Limitations:29 XIV. ANNEXURES30 XV. BIBLIOGRAPHY/ REFERENCES34 List of Appendices: Appendix 1: Questionnaire Appendix 2: Chi-Square test, to test the significance of the results for preference of BTL activities. Abbreviations and Definitions: 1] ATL: Above the line Above the line(ATL) is a type of advertising through media such as TV, cinema, radio, print, banners and search engines to promote brands. 2] BTL: Below the line BTL is a type of promotional activity which is targeted to a specific person or group of people very similar in their characteristics. Tele-calling, launching a campaign, erecting canopies, mailing, in-house promotions etc. come under BTL. 3] Ads: Advertisement. Any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor. The American marketing association I. INTRODUCTION: Everyone is trying to dominate by promoting its brand and product through TV, print, launching campaigns, sending mailers and news-letters etc. methods to promote are many but due to budgetary constraints, search of most effective method of promotion is on, big time. Promotion is classified under two categories ATL and BTL. The report also tries to analyze the effectiveness of BTL advertising by studying the market habits and advertisers understanding, their perception, preference before going for a particular promotion activity. An activity is effective in the market because it is preferred by most of the people. The product qualities or services are good that’s why they are preferred and thus they become effective in the market as there is high no. preference for those activities. The research is broken into 4 main sections. Research design, general findings, analysis of eff ectiveness hypothesis testing and results recommendation. Above the line (ATL), Below the line (BTL), and Through the Line (TTL), in organizational business and marketing communications, are advertising techniques. In a nutshell, while ATL promotions are tailored for a mass audience, BTL promotions are targeted at individuals according to their needs or preferences. While ATL promotions can establish brand identity, BTL can actually lead to a sale. ATL promotions are also difficult to measure well, while BTL promotions are highly measurable, giving marketer valuable insights into their return-on-investment. Promotional activities carried out through mass media, such as television, radio and newspaper, are classed as above the line promotion. Below the line promotion refers to forms of non-media communication or advertising, and has become increasingly important in the communications mix of many companies, not only those involved in fast moving consumer goods, but also for indus trial goods. Through the line refers to an advertising strategy involving both above and below the line communications in which one form of advertising points the target to another form of advertising thereby crossing the line. Above the line sales promotion ATL is a type of advertising through media such as television, cinema, radio, print, web banners and web search engines to promote brands. This type of communication is conventional in nature and is considered impersonal to customers. It differs from BTL advertising, which uses unconventional brand-building strategies, such as direct mail and printed media (and usually involves no motion graphics). It is much more effective when the target group is very large and difficult to define. The term comes from top business managers and involves the way in which Procter Gamble, one of the world’s biggest advertising clients, was charged for its media in the 1950s and 1960s. Advertising agencies made so much commission from booking media for clients that the creative generation and actual production costs of making TV ads was free – hence above the line. Everything else they paid for and was therefore below the line. Since then, models have changed and clients are no longer charged for their media in that way. The line Used loosely, ATL still means mass media. However the media landscape has shifted so dramatically that advertisers have reconsidered the definitions of mass media. For some marketers the line divides the realm of Awareness or Attention focused marketing and that of Interest + Desire focused marketing. Since audience numbers in the Interest and Desire phase of the AIDA sales model narrow down to a fraction of the Awareness audience, the line could be drawn right below the awareness set of activities. Loosely put, everything done prior to a customers actual entry into a retail outlet is ATL for these retailers, as they define shop-floor activities as the true BTL set of activiti es which decide on which brand sells eventually. Below the line sales promotion BTL sales promotion is an immediate or delayed incentive to purchase, expressed in cash or in kind, and having short duration. It is efficient and cost-effective for targeting a limited and specific group. It uses less conventional methods than the usual ATL channels of advertising, typically focusing on direct means of communication, most commonly direct mail and e-mail, often using highly targeted lists of names to maximize response rates. BTL services may include those for which a fee is agreed upon and charged up front. BTL is a common technique used for touch and feel products (consumer items where the customer will rely on immediate information rather than previously researched items). A BTL technique ensures recall of the brand while at the same time highlighting the features of the product. Another BTL technique involves sales personnel deployed at retail stores near targeted products. This technique may be used to generate trials of newly launched products. Through the line More recently, agencies and clients have switched to an Integrated Communication Approach, or through the line approach. TTL is a neologism describing an existing process, according to Altaf Jasnaik, Corporate Communications and Branding Manager at Sharp Middle East Africa. In the TTL approach, a mix of ATL and BTL are used to integrate a marketers efforts and optimize returns from these separate investments. Recently the TTL approach has shifted its emphasis more towards BTL. The idea remains to optimize the return on marketing budget spent by focusing ones energy on winning smaller yet more crucial BTL battles than ATL wars with well-funded competition. According to EBS Worldwide, mainstream mass broadcast marketing is increasingly being viewed as uneconomical, in terms of return on investment, which is where BTL marketing fits in. Above-the-Line Media| Below-the-Line Media| 1. Are tailor ed to reach a mass audience| Are targeted to individual consumers, based on their expressed needs and preferences| 2. Establish brand identity or reinforce emotional concepts surrounding a product or brand| Issue a â€Å"call-to-action,† inspiring specific customer activity or tailored messages about a product or brand| 3. May or may not drive customer response| Drive individual responses| 4. Are difficult – if not impossible – to measure with any accuracy| Are highly measurable, allowing marketers insight into their return-on-investment, as well as those tactics that are (and are not) working| 5. Cater to the mass market| Establish one-to-one relationships between consumers and marketers| II. LITERATURE REVIEW: 1) Evolution of below -the- line activities In a market rapidly adapting to changes in technology, available information and heightened consumer demand, traditional, brand-oriented advertising is no longer the primary driver of customer behaviour. Whether it’s reflected in dwindling print newspaper circulation or the stagnant market for network television commercials, significant evidence suggests that the marketing landscape has fundamentally shifted – from an â€Å"above-the-line† focus on reaching a broad population with emotionally-oriented appeals, to a â€Å"below-the- line† approach that stresses targeted, customer-centric communications, measurable results and concrete return-on-investment. We believe that the metaphorical â€Å"line† separating marketing philosophies (often quoted, but never precisely defined) is reflected in three key qualities that separate today’s emerging promotional methods from the top-down advertising monologue of the past. Acting in concert, they embody the universal elements of successful below-the-line marketing efforts: * Perception – The extent to which a consumer feels that he or she is engaged as an active participant in a marketing di alogue, rather than a target of an aggressive direct sales or branding effort Interaction – The extent to which consumers are empowered to respond to marketing communications via preferred channels that are both convenient and accessible * Measurability – The extent to which a marketer can track the results of an individual initiative, determine commensurate return-on-investment and adjust future campaigns to provide for an enhanced chance of success Figure 1. 3 Framework of BTL activities Chart 1: Measurability of BTL activities 2) Channels of BTL activities: a) Database marketing: It involves use of proprietary database of consumer records which can enhance prospect or customer data sources with unprecedented demographic, lifestyle and transactional data. It can be utilized for tuning marketing offers targeted at new prospects and provide their current customers with products that more closely match purchasing preferences and habits. ) Mail marketing: It involves creation of compelling branded Mail/email templates and campaign messages, and also our data driven services to develop precise targeting to reach the highest number of quality prospects c) Interactive services: By designing online campaigns that generate valuable and conversions by the use of Web Properties, Affiliate Network and Search Engine Marketing d) Affinity marketing: Enhancing brand value and gaining new customers by affinity programs like collaborations with * Veterans Organizations * Sportsmens Organizations Conservation and Wildlife Advocacy Organizations * Seniors Advocacy Organizations * Political Organizations * Religious Organizations * Youth Activity Organizations * Ethnic Group Advocacy Organizations * Cause Based Organizations Direct Response Print: It’s most common form today is infomercials. It is achieved by eliciting a direct response via television presentations. Viewers respond via telephone or internet, credit card in hand. Other media, such as mag azines, newspapers, radio, and e-mail can be used to elicit the response, but they tend to achieve lower response rates than television. ) Event Marketing: It involves a strategic-based face-to-face contact designed to impact a brands perception among its constituents. It is set of promotional activities involving an event such as a sporting or social event, designed to bring a product to the attention of the public f) Promotional Marketing: It is a non-personal promotional effort that is designed to have an immediate impact on sales. Sales promotion is media and non-media marketing communications employed for a pre-determined, limited time to increase consumer demand, stimulate market demand or improve product availability. Examples include: * Coupons * Discounts and sales * Contests * Point of purchase displays * Rebates * Free samples (in the case of food items) * Gifts and incentive items * Free travel, such as free flights Sales promotions can be directed at the customer, sa les staff, or distribution channel members (such as retailers). Sales promotions targeted at the consumer are called consumer sales promotions. Sales promotions targeted at retailers and wholesale are called trade sales promotions. We Maximise value III. BACKGROUND OF THE PLACE OF WORK: ) Company Profile: Vision: Maximimising Every Opportunity. For you and your organization. Through the world of dynamic Communication. The Beginning: Media Maxx got into the fast track of visual communication in the Fall of ’09. With the ever changing market conditions – it was the need of the hour to adapt and present communication that hits the right note with the right audience The governing team of Media MAXX: Hari haran – 14 years in the media industry Primarily in planning and production. Planning gives him a clear perspective in brand strategy and concept development. Experience in production of TV serials in multi regional language an insight in production, TV prodicti on has been his passion. Gautam Mazumdar – Extremely well accomplished at leading cross functional operational teams across multiple geographic locations integrating People, Process, Technology and Partners towards a common goal. Major contributions include successful implementation of marketing strategy Strengths cover a range of media deliverable in print, outdoor, events, video packed with his natural flamboyance. ) Services offered: Repertoire The Companies solutions are optimum and total. They conceptualise, plan strategy, design and execute – your total communication requirement. What they have to offer is a fine balance between the client’s perspective and current market scenario. Repertoire Specifics Creative Concepts designing, Production of AV, TVCs Short films, Media planning, Event Management and Public Relations, Web designing. Designing Thoughts put to creative execution of: Press ads, magazines and journals, brochures, annual financial report s, newsletters, posters and direct mailers, hoardings, kiosks, panels, banners, stickers, danglers, dispensers, packaging and exhibition stalls. Production Production of AVs, TVCs and Short films Give us a subject and we put in emotion, drama, script, effects – and all that goes into capturing the attention of your audience. Corporate films and documentaries. Television commercials and Radio jingles. CG animation and Programme Opens, 3D Morphing and Composting. Complete 3D Ad films, Logos and 3D Pack Shots. Audio Recording, Video Editing and complete Audio Visual productions. Media Planning Releasing As the saying goes – strike while it is hot. The company offer strategic media planning for your creative campaigns and release of the same through different media vehicles such as Television (National, Satellite Niche), Radio Stations, Newspapers, Magazines, Directories, Hoardings, Kiosks (National Local). Events Public Relations To add glamour and glitz – T hey undertake Event Management assignments for Brand Launches, Exhibitions, Seminars and Workshops. Their Public Relations team offers support in terms of effective coverage on a national scale through sustained media relations. Multimedia web What sets them apart from other design houses is their expertise and experience in Web Site Design, Web Application Development, and the highly specialized domains of Flash Animation, CD and DVD Production, and Web Training Demos. c) Media MAXX promotional strategy: The company is on the right way to promote itself. As the company is in the starting phase when funds are not much, online promoting is playing a big role in lead generation. Now, When its advertising your client is always looking out that what extra you can provide him over others. Being an advertising agency company is continuously working on its creativity so that the client will have faith the kind of work, company can provide to him. Even the Tele-calling team should al so be credited for lead generation. The company is continuously in touch with its existing clients and even with the clients who showed interest in the company work. There is research team also who would study on the different companies which are existing in the market and are companies ‘Can Be’ clients. Direct client servicing is last thing which is responsible converting the interested clients into companies customer rather full time customer with its service. So In all, the flow of R on the ‘Can Be’ clients, Tele-calling to get their details, Mailing the profile and mailers of the company and not but the least direct client servicing are the things which have been Media MAXX promotional strategy other than Mouth Publicity. IV. NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT: Advertisements are sometimes spoken of as the nervous system of the business world. As nervous system is very important in human body so it is vital in business world. Therefore, in this proje ct we want to study Advertising Effectiveness especially the concern company Media MAXX Management wants the advertising managers to do well and be effective in their client servicing. After all, advertising uses the scarce resources that could be invested in a number of ways. Therefore, the question that management poses is, â€Å"Is advertising the best way to use those funds? and if yes â€Å"Is it heading in right direction? And it is the job of the advertising campaign planner to be able to answer that question. Hence, the need was felt that whoever has taken service from the company or who has advertised themselves through BTL advertising. Are they satisfied with it or not? Did these businessmen find BTL promotions effective or not? While studying on the project we got a chance to work on some of the projects. These projects include: * Planning a Road-show for ‘Saint-Gobain’s ‘Gyproc’ product. Its a construction related things manufacturing company which wanted to organize a Road Show for the awareness of the product. Working under this project we got a chance to work on planning, costing, pitching for getting the project on Road Show. * There was another project to make a society event targeting women. Wherein Canopies were installed in the societies. In the whole event all the women would get a chance to make mehendi on their hand and meanwhile company would showcase its designs to them explaining about the offers and exclusive designs available at Tanishq Showrooms. * Another project was to work on a Township project at Khalapur. This dealt with designing the project for their customers which to be launched in coming September. * Making health day planner for Hiranandani Hospitals ‘Health Day’ events. V. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT: 1]To analyze the effectiveness of BTL advertising. 2]To study the perception of the businessmen for different types of options available in the market. VI. PROBLEM FORMULATION: Promotional activities are broadly classified under ATL and BTL. Due to the inherent difference in their nature, they work differently and outshine one another depending on the industry and the target audience they are directed towards. For a well established company or a new comer company in the market, to gain a higher market share, they want to promote their products/services. Here lies the problem, what type kind of promotional activity one should use. Whether one should go with ATL or BTL? Which one has greater effectiveness as far as preferences are concerned? Now, how can we calculate effectiveness of a promotional activity? This project is to study the perception and the preference given by the businessmen or marketing managers to promotional activities to study the effectiveness of BTL advertising. VII. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS: Null Hypothesis: H0: ‘There is no significant preference for BTL advertising’ So, an alternative hypothesis would be, H1: ‘Ther e is significant preference for BTL advertising’ VIII. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: * The target population was businessmen or any company officials dealing into advertising activities for their business. * A questionnaire was designed to get the information from the respondents to study the effectiveness of BTL advertising. * A target sample size of 59 was decided. As Out of 71 respondents, 8 people doesn’t advertise and 4 were wrong responses. Quota sampling technique was used: population was divided into regions, the sample elements were selected based on convenience or judgement. * ‘Online sampling’ was also used but to a lesser extent. * Only primary data could have served the purpose, which was collected via questionnaire * The research work: * It comprised of targeting people from commercial places, markets etc. * Mailing an online questionnaire to every known e-mail also helped in data collection IX. DATA ANALYSIS: * Once we got the data, the next step wa s to analyze it. This data was further categorized according to the factors explaining it statistically. * Then it was analysed thro the graphs to know the trend of target population towards advertising. Peoples perception towards advertising and why do they feel to shift over from one option to another. * SPSS tools such as frequency, MS Excel tools such as bar, pie charts were used to analyze the data. Since multiple choices were allowed, this made the data complex and difficult to analyze. Hence, the data was analysed through graphs for those questions which could not get analysed through SPSS. X. MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES USED: Brainstorming: The topic was first discussed among the trainees. The need of the topic felt and hence it was decided that the would hold well if research on such topic is done then company can plan some strategies on the basis of it. Analysis Interrogation: Interrogation with company officials helped to understand the industry, its behaviour, the kind of trends and technology which is coming to market. This is responsible for shifting consumers’ mindset from one available option to another. This has helped to generate the interest in the research the field of advertising. Observation: Observing the business process at office did help a lot to know the customer needs while facing them on call or in person. Working on a clients project actually helped me to understand the whole process in advertising and generated interest towards the topic. Planning: A plan was made according to the population we wanted to focus on of the area we had selected. This plan was finalised through discussion and brainstorming with other colleagues. Analysis: This study was further analysed to recommend some strategies to the company to work on. Analysis was done with the help of SPSS software. This analysis proved the assumption we had made earlier. Evaluating: Evaluation of the project was done on the basis of graphs which we had got through data collected. These graphs showed the percentages of the different preferences, peoples perception in mind before advertising and why do they choose an option among all available. XI. FINDING INTERPRETATION: a. General findings from the Research Questionnaire: A. Category/Industry Population Chart 2: Category/Industry Population The respondents were chosen either from those who have got their business or from those who are working in a company for marketing related activities. This helped in making a combination of small business houses and the well established companies, which helped in getting good quality responses from the respondents. Combinations of the respondents who may have different advertising budget but then how do spend money on advertising? How do choose an option among all available. In the above pie-chart we see that 59% respondents are those who have their own business and 41% are servicemen. This is a good combination for research. B. Advertising Population Chart 3: Advertising Population This question helped in using the data more specific towards the goal. As we need to find out the effectiveness of BTL advertising in the market. i. e. We need to concentrate on the respondents who have advertised before. Those will help us to know why they chose an option and what the factors behind that decision were. In the above Pie-Chart we see that almost all the respondents collected go for advertising their product except few i. e. 1% of the total don’t advertise and 89% do advertise for their products. b. Research findings: Reason behind Advertising: Chart 4: Reasons Behind Advertising While doing the study it was expected to study the reasons behind the advertising. The expenditure, availability, targets all other factors which depend on the reason of advertising. The above pie- chart shows that most of the people do advertise for their sales promotion, target segmentation, business awareness. So it seems advertisers have become target specific. They want to spend money for their set customers. Most Liked feature of Advertising. Which are the features of promotion liked by you most? Chart 5: Most Liked Features Of Promotion Now, while making an Advertisement the agency should also think of the priorities and expectation of the people from the Ad. We see in the chart above that they want more clarity simplicity in their advertisement for better understanding and good impact on the customers mind. Respondents perception about BTL Do you agree with the statements given below? Chart 6: Respondents Perception About BTL This question was framed to know the people understanding about BTL promotions. As shown in the graph, we had taken some factors to study whether people agree with the statement given or not. The result shows that people are very much aware about the promotion option available for them and the reason behind going for it. In the last bar we also see that most of them have said that BT L is no as effective as ATL. This shows that each promotion activity has got its own identity which cannot be taken over by other. Confirming Perception Do you think, BTL stands differently effectively against ATL? Chart 7: Confirming Perception From the previous chart analysis we see that people have voted that BTL stands differently and effectively against ATL. Because as the time passes people may shift from one to another but these two can never takeover their actual customers. Judge Effectiveness of BTL How effective would you judge BTL activities: Chart 8: Judge Effectiveness of BTL As it is seen that people find BTL advertising effective and different from other options available, we will judge how effective did they find it? Hence the respondents were given four options to judge BTL. If it is very effective, just effective, ineffective or Neutral. The study shows that people find it very effective in case of ‘Company’s investment in brand marketingâ€℠¢; followed by ‘Advertising creative execution’ then ‘Company’s plan for media advertising and at last ‘The brand slogan advertising’. In the above chart we see that respondents from businesses and services, most of them have found BTL effective for the parameters discussed above. Analyzing the effectiveness of various promotional activities: Which are the promotional activities you would go for your business promotion? Chart 9: Analysis of preferences There was a need to study preference of the respondents for BTL advertising. A person would always prefer to choose an option which is more effective. It’s a business, wherein return on every investment is preferred most. Hence respondents were asked on the promotion activity they would prefer most. And as we can see, people have given more responses in case of BTL that is (Tele-calling + Mail + Campaigns Canopies) over (Outdoor + Print + TV). This proves that people mostly prefer BTL advertising. Hence, it is effective. XII. HYPOTHESIS TESTING H0: There is no significant preference for BTL advertising. Since, respondents preferences towards were judged, we will apply Chi-Square test. On Applying the Chi-Square test (Appendix 2) We get, X2 (calculated) X2 (tabulated) 12. 288 11. 070 Therefore, H0 is rejected. Therefore, H0 is rejected. Ha is accepted. Which means there is significant preference for BTL advertising. Thus, the assumption which we had considered that BTL is effective over other promotional activities is proved. XIII. CONCLUSION: A. Learning experiences from the project: a. This project showed that people are aware about the various options available in the market. There is a thought process involved before choosing a promotion activity. b. The research shows that even if there are many options available, there is strata of business and service industry population which would always prefer to go for BTL. Because it has got its own identity. A nd as the time passes there can fluctuations in the preferences but current scenario is that most people find BTL as the effective way of advertising. c. As the time passes, technology changes, new inventions comes into the market, but some advertisements have got their own identity and BTL is one of them. d. BTL can provide you wide options for promotions and cut down your cost and boost your sales as well. . This project helped me to understand various promotion activities, to study consumer behaviour, factors affecting their decisions. In all, the whole BTL market I got to learn which was very interesting. B. SUGGESTIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS: * Since BTL is effective than other promotional activities available, Companies should reconsider their marketing strategy with higher advertising dollars going for BTL (Preferably in the proportion of their respective effectiveness) * Setting up of canopies at commercial places, residential colonies, apartments will certainly show great results. Companies should use the available database to exploit the brand loyalty of the company which they might have and that can be communicated with them through phone or / mail (e-mail), both highly effective media, and give information about our products. * Tele-callers are an asset for a company; companies should invest more here to equip them with required soft-skills and product knowledge so that they have higher convincing abilities. This increases their effectiveness and customer base. * The present customer base is an asset which will rope in more customers if they are cared through prompt after sales service. The price range is also a decision maker. Bringing in new ‘Value for money’ package in this range and marketing them well can do the trick. C. Limitations: * As some questions were quite complex, most of them could not get analysed thro SPSS. * We can say ‘what’ is effective but cannot say ‘why’ it’s effective. That’s pr obably needs another research. * Sample size is also a major limitation since research of this sort requires a large sample size. This limitation became evident when, effectiveness of BTL activities came out to be higher than due to very small no. of respondents. XIV. ANNEXURES ANNEXURE-I: Questionnaire: 1 Name 2 Category or Industry of the population? No. Of People a. Service________ b. Business________ 3 Do you advertise for your business? Yes No 4 If No, What is the reason behind it? If have advertised before, What was the reason behind? i) Business/Brand Awareness ii) Business Promotion iii) Branding iv) Brand Recall v) Sales Promotion vi) Target Segmentation vii) Others, Please Specify†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Which are the features of promotion liked by you most? Please rate your preferences on a scale of 1-4. i) Simplicity ii) Clarity iii) Creativity iv) Exhaustive Publicity 7. Do you agree with the statements given below: Statements| Yes| No| BTL requires less investment t han ATL| | | Probability of risk is less in case of BTL than ATL| | | ATL is a good way to reach masses but BTL reaches to target customers| | | BTL investor has more options to choose than ATL| | | BTL is as effective as ATL| | | 8. Do you think, BTL stands differently effectively against ATL? (Considering- Starting investment, ROI, Reach, Targeting the client, Time taken to receive return,Valuable. ) a) Yes b) No 9)How effective would you judge BTL activities for? | Very Effective| Effective| Ineffective| Neutral| The Companys investment in brand marketing| | | | | The companys plan for media advertising| | | | | The advertising creative execution| | | | | The brand slogan advertising for product| | | | | 8 Which one of the following promotional activities you would prefer for your business promotion? Promotional Activities. i) TV ii) Print iii) Outdoor iv) Campaigns,Canopies,Events,Exhibitions v) Mail vi) Telecalling Ans: .. Any Suggestions.. Thank you very much for yo ur valuable time! Annexure-II: SPSS test calculation: Chi-Square  Test Frequencies Preferences| | Observed N| Expected N| Residual| 4| 4| 9. 8| -5. 8| 5| 5| 9. 8| -4. 8| 8| 8| 9. 8| -1. 8| 12| 12| 9. 8| 2. 2| 14| 14| 9. 8| 4. 2| 16| 16| 9. 8| 6. 2| Total| 59| | | Test Statistics| | Preferences| Chi-Square| 12. 288a| Df| 5| Asymp. Sig. | . 031| a. 0 cells (. 0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Atl and Btl Advertising" essay for you Create order