Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthriris Essays - Rheumatology, Arthritis

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthriris A chronic, inflammatory disease that may cause joint or connective tissue damage. The onset occurs before Age 16. Causes, incidence, and risk factors: JRA is thought to belong to the collagen classes of disease (those diseases that involve connective tissue). It is a complicated disease. The primary manifestation is arthritis, but the disease may involve other body systems such as the heart and lining around the heart (pericardium), lungs and lining around the lungs (pleura), eyes, and skin. Systemic arthritis affects 20% of those with juvenile arthritis and includes fever, rash, and enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) in addition to joint inflammation. JRA is generally divided into five broad groups depending on whether a large number of joints are involved or just a few, whether the rheumatoid factor (a blood test) is positive or negative, and whether there is eye involvement or not. The five categories of JRA may be roughly broken down as follows: many involved joints and a positive rheumatoid factor many involved joints and a negative rheumatoid factor few involved joints and a positive antinuclear antibody few involved joints and a positive HLA B27 surface antigen systemic JRA (throughout the body) A specialist in rheumatology generally makes the category determination. The onset of arthritis may be slow or extremely rapid. An early sign of slow onset may be stiffness on arising in the morning. Swollen, painful joints characterize the arthritis of JRA with pain on motion and sometimes to touch. The skin over the joints is generally not red but can be. The systemic form of JRA may first appear with high fevers, chills and a rash but without joint pain. In the systemic form, arthritis may develop months after the appearance of the fever. The two forms of JRA where there are only a few joints involved often have associated eye disease. The most severe form of eye disease, chronic iridocyclitis of JRA, may lead to lead to visual problems or blindness. The milder form of JRA-associated eye disease is acute iridocyclitis, which generally heals without permanent damage. The cause of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is unknown. Growth may be affected during periods of active disease. Girls are affected more often than boys are. The peak onset occurs between the ages of 2 to 5 years old and between 9 to 12 years old. Risk factors may be a family history of the disease and recent rubella infection or vaccine. Prevention: There is no known prevention for JRA. Symptoms: General symptoms: joint stiffness on arising in the morning limited range of motion slow rate of growth hot, swollen, painful joints fever, low grade (with multiple-joint type disease) fever, high spiking with chills (with systemic form of disease) rheumatoid rash rheumatoid nodules (at sites of pressure) Symptoms of eye involvement: red eyes eye pain photophobia visual changes Other symptoms: chest pain shortness of breath abdominal pain Signs and tests: Physical examination may show an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), or swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy). There may also be signs of: anemia iridocyclitis pericarditis pleuritis myocarditis Tests include: CBC ESR ANA RA factor HLA antigens immunoelectrophoresis - serum synovial fluid analysis X-ray of a joint X-ray of the chest ECG slit-lamp exam of the eyes Treatment: Treatment is aimed at preserving mobility and joint function and supporting the patient and family through a long chronic illness. Therapeutic medications include: aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS) corticosteroids topical ophthalmic corticosteroids mydriatics gold therapy chloroquine agents immune suppressing agents (rarely used in children) Note: Talk to your health care provider before giving aspirin or NSAIDS to children! Physical therapy and exercise programs may be recommended. Surgical procedures may be indicated, including joint replacement. Expectations (prognosis): JRA is seldom life threatening. Long periods of spontaneous remission are typical. Often JRA improves or remits at puberty. Approximately 75% of JRA patients eventually enter remission with minimal functional loss and deformity. The stress of illness can often be helped by joining a support group. Here, members share common experiences and problems.. Complications: loss of vision or decreased vision total joint destruction of the major weight-bearing joints chronic spondyloarthropathy

How to Use a Response Essay Sample Agreement

How to Use a Response Essay Sample AgreementIf you want to enter into a contract with your client, you may want to consider a response essay sample agreement. A contract is a legal document that provides the basics of how a business can operate and what services will be provided. By understanding this basic outline, both parties have the advantage of knowing exactly what they are signing before the business relationship begins.A response essay sample agreement must detail the end of this relationship, and a clear outline of what will happen between the parties after that. This is a way to set up guidelines for both parties. It is important to make sure that all details are clearly defined so that everything is clear to both parties at the beginning of a relationship.Every agreement should start with a specific topic of discussion. However, it is important to be clear on what the specific topic is. For example, it is okay to set up a topic for the first part of the agreement, but it m ight not be a good idea to begin with the ending.The second part of the agreement must contain specific topics for the two parties. First things first, both parties must agree on who will be the author of the essay. This is done by listing down who the author is. The other party is then required to agree as well, and the response must be written by the author.The response must also be acceptable to both parties. The essay must be a response to a similar question or challenge. It must be acceptable to both parties to be categorized as a response essay sample agreement because it makes both parties think about what they are agreeing upon.The final part of the agreement is an overview of the beginning and ending of the contract. These two parts will detail everything from the exact date that the contract will be established to when the agreement will be over. It is very important to know the exact dates so that both parties have a clearly outlined timeline for a business relationship. This helps to keep all parties focused on what is taking place during this specific time period.Finally, the agreement must give specifics about how the contract will be handled after it is over. It must list down when the agreement will be cancelled, how the relationship will be terminated, and what the final payment for services provided will be. The terms can be to meet at a certain time, or to meet again sometime in the future.When writing a response essay sample agreement, it is important to keep these points in mind. A good template can be used to quickly put together the outlines of what all the terms should be. It is also important to make sure the terms are properly set out to avoid any confusion down the road. This way, both parties are going to be pleased with the arrangement.